Complaints and Appeals

Authors, reviewers, readers, and members of the public may raise concerns.

Step 1 — Direct contact

Write to the Editor-in-Chief via the Contact page. Acknowledgement within five working days.

Step 2 — Investigation

Following the relevant COPE flowchart. Substantive response within thirty working days.

Step 3 — External escalation

Escalation to COPE or to an independent ombudsperson. No reprisals against good-faith complainants.