Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

Corrections, Retractions, Errata, and Expressions of Concern

Hikmah follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

Erratum / Corrigendum

For substantive errors that do not invalidate conclusions. Linked bidirectionally via Crossref.

Expression of Concern

Where credible concerns exist but investigation is incomplete.

Retraction

The article remains visible with a "RETRACTED" watermark and a retraction notice. Deposited with Crossref so indexing services are notified.